Does Your Language Shape How You Think? Interesting article by Guy Deutscher in the
New York Times (summary of his forthcoming book
Through the Language Glass: Why the World Looks Different in Other Languages), discussing teories that relate language with ways of thinking.
Deutscher distantiates himself from the Whorf theory giving language absolute supremacy over thinking and quotes Roman Jakobson stating that “Languages differ essentially in what they
must convey and not in what they
may convey.” Gender difference is an example: while French and German oblige their speakers to explicitly distinguish male and female friends, English doesn't; but on the other hand it does not stop its speakers from making that distinction if they wish to do so. Research even hints at the possibility that linguistic gender distinctions determine emotional connotations:
Spanish speakers deemed bridges, clocks and violins to have more “manly properties” like strength, but Germans tended to think of them as more slender or elegant.
The most surprising examples relate to how languages refer to space: whereas most languages use both
egocentric coordinates (
left, right of where I am standing), and
geographic directions (
north, south, east, west), there are languages that only use the latter type of directions. Speakers of the aboriginal Australian Guugu Yimithirr will therefore say, for instance: “I left it on the southern edge of the western table,” or “Look out for that big ant just north of your foot.” Such references are a clear sign of a different awareness of space.
Source: http://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/29/magazine/29language-t.html.